The 60s hold up their hands in responsibility for some of the most abortionesque architecture this country of ours will ever have to endure. At the nadir of this was the Bull Ring in Birmingham, opened by the Duke of Edinburgh in May 1964; linked by escalators and stairs was a 23 acre air-conditioned shopping centre and 350,000 feet of retail trading area. Its acres of concrete smelled of pee even before men had the chance to mark their territory on its stairwells.